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These subatomic particles can be found within atoms of all elements.Ĭonclusion - The cathode rays are made up of negatively charged particles known as electrons. J.J Thomson was a physicist who is credited for discovering the electron. Thomson also placed two magnets on either side of the tube, and observed that this magnetic field also deflected the cathode ray. Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of the atom, which had negatively-charged electrons embedded within a positively-charged 'soup. This enables us to see the path of the beam. Thomson's experiments with cathode ray tubes showed that all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or electrons. These accelerated electrons collide into the gas inside the tube, thereby allowing it to glow. This indicated that the cathode ray was composed of negatively-charged particles. The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube, in which electrons are discharged from the cathode and accelerated through a voltage, and thereby gains acceleration of some 600 km/s for every volt. The cathode ray was deflected away from the negatively-charged electric plate and towards the positively-charged plate. Thomson's experiment on constituents of cathode rays:Įxperiment - To test the properties of the particles, Thomson placed two oppositely-charged electric plates around the cathode ray. Because the cathode rays were deflected away from the negative end of an applied electric field, Thomson postulated that the cathode rays are negatively.
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An electric discharge is passed through the tube.Įmission of blue rays can be seen from the cathode.Ĭonclusion - The blue rays emitted from cathode are cathode rays. William Crookes experiment for the discovery of cathode rays:Įxperiment - The figure shows a vacuum tube which has a gas at a very low pressure. He was the first scientist to show the atom was made of even smaller things.Thomson proposed his atomic model in 1903. 1 amu (aka 1 dalton) exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus. The discovery of cathode rays lead to the discovery of electrons : Later it was believed that atoms were invisible until J.J Thomson discovered the electron in 1897. Thomsons cathode ray experiment a sketch of JJ Thomson. The three subatomic particles that constitute an atom are: